KATCHAR / ACADEMIA. SOCIAL SCIENCE PERIODICAL

THE INTERRELATION BETWEEN YOUNG SPOUSES’ INTERACTION IN CONFLICT AND THEIR PARENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD FAMILY LIFE

2025-07-15T06:48:49+00:00

This article examines the connection between young spouses' conflictual interactions and their parents' attitudes toward family life, with a focus on the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission.

The research aimed to uncover how parental behavior models influence the conflict dynamics within young couples' marital relationships. The study employed the methodologies of the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (PARI) by E. Schaefer and R. Bell, as well as the Nature of Spousal Interaction in Conflictual Situations (NSICS) instrument. A total of 180 participants, including both conflictual and harmonious couples and their parents, were involved in the study.

The findings revealed that conflictual couples often inherit conflict patterns from their parents, particularly in areas such as child-rearing, role expectations, and behavioral norms. In contrast, harmonious couples tend to reflect their parents’ cooperative behavior. The main conclusion is that marital disagreements are frequently rooted in intergenerational transmission, highlighting the need for a systemic approach to address these issues.

The study emphasizes the value of family counseling in helping couples identify inherited patterns, reevaluate roles, and build emotionally stable relationships. It is recommended that future research should examine the influence of cultural and social changes on family dynamics.

METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE SEMANTIC ORIENTATION OF VICTIMHOOD

2025-07-15T07:29:52+00:00

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of victimology theory and its semantic transformation, tracing its development from philosophical and criminological foundations to the complex psychological and socio-cultural domains. It highlights a paradigmatic shift in the perception of the victim—from being defined by objective external factors to being understood as a multidimensional psychological phenomenon shaped by the interaction between unconscious intrapersonal processes and prevailing social norms.

A study conducted within the Armenian societal context aims to explore the psychological components underlying the perception of victimhood. Particular attention is given to deeply rooted stereotypes and defense mechanisms that influence victim perception, underscoring the significance of both social and individual factors in shaping victim-related attitudes.

The article places particular emphasis on the interaction between the victim’s psychological state, self-perception, and external environmental responses—an interplay that deepens the contextual understanding of victimhood. The findings suggest that perceptions of victim vulnerability are shaped through the dynamic interplay of socio-cultural norms and individuals’ internal psychological processes. Moreover, the data reveal distinct gender-based patterns in responses to victimhood, underscoring the role of gender as a significant variable in shaping attitudes toward victims. Women tend to approach victims with greater empathy and understanding, whereas men more frequently exhibit critical or dismissive attitudes toward vulnerability—responses often linked to varying manifestations of psychological defense mechanisms. These differences provide a critical foundation for developing gender-sensitive support strategies that integrate both psychological and social approaches.

Finally, the article highlights the importance of conducting further research involving participants from different age groups, which would allow for a more comprehensive and multilayered understanding of the perception of victimhood. Such an approach could facilitate the optimization of support mechanisms by considering both societal and psychological characteristics and needs.

This study represents a significant contribution to the contemporary scientific exploration of victimhood, as it may inform the development of innovative strategies for victim perception and support. These approaches aim to enhance psychological well-being, grounded in the principle that a mentally healthy individual constitutes the cornerstone of a healthy society and stable social relationships.

The theoretical and practical strategies developed within this research are crucial for helping victims regulate and maintain emotional stability, facilitating their self-expression and social integration. Consequently, these strategies can significantly enhance the effectiveness of social support systems and promote overall mental well-being.

ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL DOCUMENTS FORMING THE FRAMEWORKS OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY OF GEORGIA AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2025-07-24T06:39:34+00:00

In order to understand the foreign policy of Georgia and the Russian Federation, and especially the regional
policy, the study of the national security strategies adopted by the government is of great importance. It is
important to understand how geopolitical developments have affected the strategies of both countries?
In the article, we analyze the national security strategies of Georgia and the Russian Federation, their priorities
and the changes that have taken place after geopolitical developments.
In the course of scientific work, we have set ourselves the following goals.
 To study the national security strategies of Georgia and the Russian Federation,
 To analyze the changes that took place after the geopolitical developments, which were included in the
strategies of the two countries,
 To analyze the strategic approaches of both countries for national security and multilateral policy.
During the study, we used the method of document and content analysis, as well as the historical comparative
method.
Based on the goals set before us, we reached the following conclusions.
 The National Security Concept of Georgia does not fully represent the situation that exists in the politics
of Georgia.
 The main changes in Georgia's strategies are related to Russia, but it does not fully represent the current
realities. Current changes in Russia's national security strategies are mainly related to geopolitical
developments
In strategic approaches, Russia considers relations with the South Caucasus at the regional level. Many of
Russias strategic approaches have lost their relevance after the developments related to Ukraine in 2022.

LOGISTIC OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA IN INTEGRATING INTO INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS

2025-07-15T07:15:58+00:00

Integration into international transport corridors and global supply chains is one of the main prerequisites for expanding economic activity and increasing the competitiveness of national economies. In this context, the development of logistics systems is of key importance, contributing to the efficiency of freight transportation, increasing trade volumes and deepening regional cooperation. For the Republic of Armenia, which has a strategic location in the South Caucasus, the improvement of the logistics system is an important factor in terms of organizing international transportation and transit movement. However, currently, Armenia's logistics capabilities are significantly limited due to geographical isolation, closed borders with Turkey and Azerbaijan, as well as shortcomings in infrastructure and customs processes. These problems are also reflected in the low positions of the country in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), in particular, in the components of the efficiency of customs processes, infrastructure quality and timeliness of supply chains.

The transport system of the Republic of Armenia is one of the strategic pillars of the country's economic development and regional integration. As a key infrastructure of the national economy, it plays a significant role in the formation of the country's logistics capabilities and the development of transit opportunities. Armenia's logistics system is predominantly based on road transportation, which limits the opportunities for the development of multimodal transportation and hinders the country's effective integration into regional transport corridors.

The development of the "North-South" road corridor and the "Crossroads of Peace" strategic initiative can turn Armenia into a transit hub, connecting the ports of the Persian Gulf and the Black Sea. In parallel with the modernization of the logistics system of Armenia, it is important to simplify customs procedures, introduce digitalization and form effective management systems, which will contribute to reducing the costs and terms of cargo transportation. In a regionally competitive environment, where neighboring states have more developed infrastructure, a comprehensive strategic approach is needed so that Armenia can occupy the role of a regional transit hub and expand its economic ties in international transportation networks to increase competitiveness, as well as strengthen regional security and economic stability.

EMPOWERING DISPLACED YOUTH THROUGH SOFT AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS: A MIXED-METHODS EVALUATION OF A POST-CONFLICT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IN ARMENIA

2025-08-03T07:22:09+00:00

This article discusses the design, implementation, and outcomes of the targeted educational intervention based on the project “Soft and Professional Skills Development for the Displaced Armenians,” which was designed to empower conflict-affected young people in Armenia after the war. After the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, large numbers of young Armenians were forced out of education, socially marginalised, and cast out of most career paths, factors that are rarely considered in emergency response strategies. To address this gap, the International Scientific-Educational Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia implemented a project aimed at enhancing the soft and professional skills of participants, including communication, critical thinking, resume writing, time management, etc.

The proposed study is relevant because displaced populations, in particular the youth, urgently need scalable, skills-based educational models, as the long-term integration and resilience of such populations rely on not only psychosocial support but also employability training. The program was developed based on the Human Capital Theory, Social Integration Theory, Transformative Learning, and Resilience Framework and tested using a qualitative feedback analysis and a mixed-methods approach that consisted of quantitative pre- and post-assessment.

The results showed that the participants experienced impressive gains in self-confidence, employability skills and social interaction. Measurements of quantitative data showed a significant improvement of skills in key areas, whereas discussion of the qualitative parts illustrated the emotional and community-building aspect of the training. Furthermore, the project stimulated the development of follow-up activities, which were initiated by project participants themselves and provided evidence of sustainability and local ownership. These findings highlight the significance of learner-centred education in post-conflict settings and the need to implement soft skills-focused responses as part of national recovery plans and policies regarding displaced youth.

DUPONT ANALYZES IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BANKING SYSTEM PROFITABILITY: ESTIMATING EVIDENCE FROM THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

2025-07-15T07:10:49+00:00

In recent years banking system worldwide and especially in the Republic of Armenia (RA) is going through many changes. In 11 years period (2014-2024) the banking system of RA went through various challanges: in fact of Equity normative level was increased many banks had to merge and acquire, Covid-19 pandemic led to changes in government policy, in 2020 there was a territorial conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan which led some banks to change their territorial location. Besides, there were many changes in banking regulation that strengthened the proof in banks and banking regulation and led to continuous rise in profitability.

The conducted research aims to discover:

what main factors impact the banking system profitability in RA,
what factors have the most impact on the latter,
whether banking system profitability in RA have potential to rise in the predicted two years.

For that purpose DuPont analyzes were performed and five factor analyzes were done to understand which indicators influence the RA banking system profitability the most, to what extent and how. Next, the Trend Lines For three main indicators (ROE, ROS and IB) were constructed to predict the profitability of the banking system for upcoming two years.

The analyzes were performed by the tools of prediction in Excel for 2014-2024 data for all the banking system. Analyzed results let us conclude that RA banking system is rapidly growing and ROE changes were driven not only by internal banking indicators but also by changes in legislation in RA.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ADDICTIVE SOCIALIZATION

2025-07-15T07:51:12+00:00

The socio-psychological processes of personality development and socialization have been widely studied in various psychological studies. The problem of socialization is the focus of attention of psychologists, both from the perspective of the age and psychophysiological development of a person, as well as from the perspective of the person's communication skills and the assimilation of social norms and values in society. However, in the psychological discipline, the interest of specialists in the negative transformations and destructive manifestations of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional components occurring in the process of a person's socialization is increasing. The growing interest in the problem in the psychological discipline is perhaps due to the need to study various socio-psychological processes occurring at both the personal and societal levels. In the conditions of rapid development of modern societies, numerous destructive phenomena that pose a threat to the mental health of a person and distort a person's consciousness and perceptions appear. It is no coincidence that modern psychological science pays special attention to the study of the problems of the formation and development of addictive behavioral models of a person. Now we can It is already possible to talk about the addictive form of socialization, when a person assimilates social values and social norms, which are perceived with certain distortions and distortions, as a result of which addictive behavioral models and strategies are deepened and strengthened, which harms the processes of self-expression and self-realization of a person. Taking into account the relevance and importance of the problem, we have carried out an analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the psychological assessment of addictive socialization. Various psychological approaches have been studied, which interpret the essence and features of addictive socialization in their way. As a result of the research, the author's methodology for the psychological assessment of addictive socialization is presented, which aims to shed new light on the phenomenon of personal socialization in modern society, which can serve as a basis for the practical application of the addictive socialization methodology.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COPING STRATEGIES AMONG WAR PARTICIPANTS

2025-07-14T11:46:46+00:00

This article analyzes the coping strategies of 200 combatants who participated in military operations in Armenia and Artsakh during different periods (1990s, 2016, 2020, 2021–2023). Using multivariate statistical analysis (MANCOVA) and validated psychometric tools, the study reveals significant differences in adaptive mechanisms depending on the nature of the war and the socio-political context.

One of the key findings is that veterans of the First Artsakh War and the short-term April War exhibit high stress resilience, predominantly employing active strategies such as self-regulation and planning. In contrast, individuals subjected to repeated trauma demonstrate reduced adaptability. Participants in more recent conflicts are inclined toward positive reappraisal, determined by social cohesion and post-traumatic growth.

At the value level, there is a prominent demand for universalism and security among groups that participated in recent military operations, reflecting a re-evaluation of uncertainty and losses. The escape-avoidance strategy significantly reduces stress resilience, particularly in cases of multiple traumas.

The study highlights the cumulative negative impact of repeated trauma and the necessity of developing differentiated rehabilitation programs that consider the time period of the war, individual resources, and the role of social support within the cultural context.

ON CERTAIN SEMANTIC AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF BUSINESS DISCOURSE

2025-07-15T07:34:50+00:00

Contemporary linguistic literature offers a range of definitions for the term discourse. Particularly significant is the cognitive-communicative perspective, which views discourse as a complex phenomenon encompassing both process and product, integrating linguistic and extralinguistic dimensions (Fairclough, 1989).

This study is anchored in the concepts of discourse, business discourse, and corporate discourse. While these terms are often used interchangeably within certain linguistic frameworks, there is a growing tendency to differentiate them more precisely. This article attempts to characterize and explore these notions in greater depth, with a special focus on business discourse as a distinct communicative domain.

Research findings suggest that business discourse differs from corporate discourse in important ways. These differences stem from transformations in the modern business environment, where communication—shaped by a host of linguistic and extralinguistic factors—plays a pivotal role.

The study explores key types and subtypes of business discourse, their defining features, and the primary verbal and non-verbal tools that contribute to crafting impactful, persuasive, and goal-oriented communication in business contexts. Examples illustrating the structural patterns and rhetorical strategies of business discourse are drawn from the public speeches of prominent business figures such as Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, and Bill Gates, whose discourse practices provide rich material for analysis.

CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL BANKING DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF LATEST BANKING TECHNOLOGIES

2025-07-14T10:49:16+00:00

This study examines the multifaceted factors that influence the adoption and advancement of digital banking in the context of rapid technological evolution and shifting consumer expectations. Drawing on an extensive review of recent scholarly and industry sources, the research examines the intersection of technological, psychological, and socio-demographic factors that shape user behaviour. Key variables identified include perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and cybersecurity concerns—factors consistently shown to affect adoption rates across diverse user segments. Furthermore, social influence, age, education, income level, and digital literacy emerge as significant moderators. Beyond the user-centric perspective, institutional strategies such as platform customization, integration of artificial intelligence, open banking infrastructure, and ESG-driven (Environmental, Social, Governance) financial products are examined for their role in enhancing operational efficiency and customer engagement. The research underscores the critical importance of building resilient cybersecurity frameworks to mitigate evolving threats such as data breaches, malware, and AI-targeted attacks. Additionally, global comparative data from the 2025 TABInsights ranking of the top 100 digital banks offers empirical support for trends in profitability, market expansion, and regional differentiation. The findings suggest that future competitiveness in digital banking hinges not only on technological innovation but also on aligning services with user values and regulatory expectations. Recommendations are provided for researchers and practitioners to guide future developments in the field.

VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF A PERSON IN THE CONTEXT OF PERCEPTION OF THE OTHER

2025-09-18T08:54:18+00:00

The rapid development of modern societies, the multi-layered nature of intercultural relations, as well as immigration and emigration processes, demonstrate the need to study and shed new light on the perception of the other in psychological science. Over time, the ideas about the other have undergone some changes; therefore, a multi-faceted analysis of the perceptions of the other in modern society is important. This article examines the value orientations of a person in the modern Armenian environment, which are formed in the context of the perception of the other. Theoretical models of value orientations have been analyzed, and modern manifestations of orientations have been subjected to comparative analysis with the ideas about the psychological sovereignty of a person. As a result of qualitative and quantitative analysis, it has become possible to reveal the complex of dichotomous notions of "self-the other", which has been studied among modern Armenian youth.

THE CONCEPTUAL ASSESSMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF SECURITY INTERESTS

2025-09-09T10:19:51+00:00

In the contemporary world, Armenia's national interests represent a balanced sum of the interests of the citizens of the Republic of Armenia, the Armenians living in their homeland, and the Armenian communities, through the formation of which, in the new competitive conditions, the tasks of achieving national goals and protecting values that have been transformed into conscious needs are being solved.

The main guarantee of an effective policy in the realisation of national interests is maintaining a balance between one's own capabilities, ambitions, and objective realities, which may not fully satisfy a particular interest, serving only its vital and realistic part. The core of guaranteed satisfaction of vital national interests is a realistic assessment of the collective potential of state power and setting ‘realistic goals’ for it.

When assessing national interests at the strategic level, particular attention is also paid to security policy objectives, which are expected to result from a clear and precise definition of interests. From a methodological point of view, when developing a national security strategy, two groups of objectives are considered desired ends: general (strategic, political) objectives and specific (concrete) objectives. In this context, the first group of objectives is significant, as it represents the expected outcomes defined by the state's political elite and towards which this strategy is directed. Consequently, strategic objectives must be logically interrelated and realistic, as the national security strategy is the main level at which the current situation and the national security policy system are coordinated.

SMALL STATES IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL MULTILATERAL RELATIONS

2025-07-24T06:49:07+00:00

In modern international relations, states adopt strategies to confront security and other challenges. The strategies they choose, passive, defensive, or active, depend not only on resources but also on the ability of the political elite to correctly assess the international environment and find a balance between security, sovereignty, and development.

Given the disproportionate distribution of power in the field of international relations, small states are often compelled to avoid forceful confrontations and instead utilize diplomatic and multilateral cooperation tools. The international involvement of small states today is predominant, especially within the framework of the UN and other global and regional multilateral platforms, where the majority of member states are small states. These states can combine efforts and act as a collective voice, often promoting global agendas such as the fight against climate change, the goal of sustainable development, the protection of human rights, and the strengthening of peace.

Small states, despite their limitations, can become influential and proactive actors, provided they manage their internal resources wisely and develop a stable and flexible foreign policy. Their strength is not limited to material factors, but is based on strategic orientation, ideological cohesion, effective work with international partners, and institutional cooperation.

In international relations, especially in a multilateral format, the strength of a small state is measured not only by its size but also by its ability to act intelligently, persistently, flexibly, and purposefully. These states can act not only as consumers of security but also as peacemakers, disseminators of international norms, and bearers of joint actions to solve global challenges. Small states rely heavily on multilateral diplomacy, legal mechanisms, and niche diplomacy, which allow them to increase their political weight in international organizations without the resources of force.

THE ROLE OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2025-07-25T06:53:36+00:00

In a modern economy, investment activity is one of the main factors of economic development, structural changes and increased competitiveness. A significant part of the countries of the world strive to attract and encourage foreign investments to strengthen productive capacities and sustainable economic development. And for a foreign direct investor, the primary motive for investment is the establishment of long-term relations with the host enterprise, provided that it has a significant influence on its management, as well as increasing profits, reducing taxes, diversifying risks, etc. Currently, the main subjects of foreign direct investment in the global market are international companies and financial groups.

However, in reality, foreign direct investment alone cannot guarantee the prosperity of the national economy. The latter, as a development tool, has both its advantages and disadvantages, and in the host country, they contribute to sustainable economic growth only if certain conditions are met. In this regard, the government of the host country is responsible for establishing conditions for foreign direct investment that will contribute to the long-term economic growth of that country, and not only to ensuring the profits of foreign investors. Therefore, the impact of foreign direct investment on the host country depends on many factors, such as the method of entering the market, the sources of financing for direct investment, the latter's impact on the activities of companies operating in the host country, etc.

On the other hand, regardless of the volume of foreign investment, it can also be completely useless and lead to the ruthless waste of the country's natural resources, as well as the population's dependence on the outside world for many years. Only with a balanced and considered approach to the joint interests of investors and the host country can it be ensured that foreign investments are effectively attracted and utilised for the benefit of the country's economic prosperity and the improvement of the population's living standards.

THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND SOCIAL STEREOTYPES AMONG EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS

2025-07-15T07:00:11+00:00

The article presents the results of a psychological study conducted with professionals working in the Lebanese educational system, with a particular emphasis on the interaction between social stereotypes and emotional intelligence. It sheds light on the importance of social skills to build relationships inside classrooms and improve the quality of the teaching and learning process. The study highlights the negative impact of social stereotypes encountered in pedagogical institutions, which adversely affect the quality, equity, and effectiveness of education. The connection between emotional intelligence and social stereotypes has been identified both among educators working in educational institutions and among students.

This study explores in depth how stereotypes—particularly those related to age and professional roles—undermine educational equity and quality. Findings reveal a significant inverse correlation between emotional intelligence and the tendency to rely on such stereotypes. Educators with higher emotional intelligence are more likely to recognize individual differences, manage their own biases, and foster inclusive, empathetic classroom environments. The research underscores the critical role of emotional intelligence in reducing stereotype-based thinking and enhancing pedagogical effectiveness.

Based on a thorough analysis of the research findings, the article provides practical recommendations and guidelines for educational institutions and educators aimed at combating social stereotypes within pedagogical environments. These recommendations focus on teacher training and institutional reforms designed to cultivate emotionally intelligent educators, thereby promoting more equitable and socially just educational practices.

Keywords: Social stereotypes, social skills, emotional intelligence, pedagogue, educational system.

WAYS OF ACTIVATING PSYCHOLOGICAL RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT SKILLS IN THE CONTEXT OF POSITIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY

2025-07-15T07:43:49+00:00

The article examines the possibilities of activating and developing psychological resources in the context of the theoretical approach of positive psychotherapy. The focus of the analysis is on the primary (innate) and secondary (acquired) abilities of the individual, which are considered as the main mechanisms for ensuring self-realization, adaptability and mental stability. The theoretical analysis presented in the article is based on the combination of ideas from different psychological directions, paying attention to the issues of manifestation of the potential of the person, activation of internal resources and their interconnection. Positive psychotherapy as a method offers tools for identifying and reinterpreting resources. Today, when the uncertainty of the external world, socio-cultural changes and various stressors deeply affect the psyche of the individual, the problem of psychological resources becomes an urgent and purposeful subject of discussion. In this regard, the conscious development and use of resources can significantly contribute not only to maintaining mental stability, but also to effective social adaptation, professional stability and improvement of the quality of life.