PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND CONTEMPORARY INTEGRATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most prevalent and socially significant mental disorders in contemporary clinical psychology and psychiatry, characterised by intrusive obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavioural or mental acts aimed at reducing anxiety. The disorder significantly affects psychological adaptation, social functioning, and quality of life.

The aim of this article is to examine the psychological mechanisms of OCD, the cognitive, emotional, and behavioural characteristics of individuals with OCD, and to analyse the effectiveness of contemporary evidence-based and integrative psychotherapeutic interventions.

The study used a theoretical-analytical framework based on the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11 diagnostic systems, international clinical guidelines, and a systematic review of peer-reviewed scientific literature. Cognitive-behavioural, neurobiological, metacognitive, and third-wave psychotherapeutic approaches to the development and maintenance of OCD were examined.

Findings indicate that distorted threat appraisal, inflated responsibility, intolerance of uncertainty, and the temporary reduction of anxiety through compulsive behaviours play a central role in the maintenance of OCD. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) are considered the most effective interventions, while Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), mindfulness-based approaches, Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR), and other integrative approaches may be applied as complementary or combined therapeutic strategies.

The findings emphasise the complex nature of OCD and the importance of individualised psychotherapeutic interventions for improving psychological flexibility, emotional regulation, and social adaptation.